五角大楼急了：军用无人机要害零件竟靠“我国造”？

发布时间：2025-04-23　点此：838次

4月16日，专心于科技、国防与国家安全报导的资深记者大卫·金斯（David Jeans）在《福布斯》发表文章指出，硅谷军用无人机公司对“我国制作”的高度依靠，已成为美国军方难以逃避的扎手难题。

近年来，美国军方赶紧布置很多军用无人机，为或许迸发的抵触做准备。

但是问题随之而来：他们发现手中的无人机在许多要害零部件上依靠“我国制作”。这不仅是供应链的难题，更演变成关乎国家安全的战略掣肘。

Pentagon leaders are calling for thousands of drones to prepare for war in the Pacific. But as Trump's tariffs escalate tensions with China, they face an uncomfortable reality: Silicon Valley's drone companies are addicted to Chinese components.

绕不开的我国制作

尽管美国处处喊“去我国化”，但现实是：全球商用无人机商场，我国占了将近90%的比例。从机身、电池、无线电，到摄像头、显现屏，简直一切要害部件都被我国企业把握。

China currently controls close to 90 percent of the global commercial drone market, and manufactures most of the key hardware used to build them – airframes, batteries, radios, cameras and screens.

就连上个月，美国副总统万斯在弗吉尼亚州参与海军陆战队无人机演示时，被拍到戴的也是一副我国产的无人机显现护目镜。

美国副总统万斯在观赏海军陆战队基地时，戴着我国制作的Skyzone设备。图源：AFP via Getty Images

“进‘蓝名单’比被我国制裁还难”

美国国家安全专家乔希·斯坦曼（Josh Steinman）表明，脱节我国零件是一个不可避免的苦楚的进程：“你迟早得撕下创可贴，要么你自动撕，要么我国来撕。”

"You are going to have to pull the bandaid off at some point," said Josh Steinman, who previously oversaw supply chain security at the National Security Council. "And either you are going to choose or China will."

为此，美国五角大楼搞出个“蓝名单”（Blue List）准则，只需经过审阅、没有我国零件的无人机才干拿到军方合同。

The primary on-ramp to drone contracts is the Pentagon's Defense Innovation Unit (DIU), which maintains a so-called Blue List of drones that are approved for military use.

这份“蓝名单”每年更新一次，由六名职工担任审阅。他们要测验上百款产品，保证其间没有任何《国防授权法案》（National Defense Authorization Act, NDAA）所制止的我国零部件，比方摄像头、飞控体系、无线电设备和地上控制体系——这些大多是担任信号传输的要害部件。

但是，一些无人机制作商表明，这项审阅机制已经成为职业开展的一个瓶颈。本年，超越300家企业提交了请求，但只需23家取得同意。BRINC公司战略与开展担任人安德鲁·科特（Andrew Cote）表明：“被我国制裁可比进入蓝名单简单。”

Some drone manufacturers say it has become another bottleneck that stifles the industry. This year, just 23 companies were approved out of more than 300 submissions.

"It's easier to get sanctioned by China than it is to get on the Blue List," said Andrew Cote, BRINC's head of strategy and growth.

大疆让美国“去我国化”进退维谷

美国的军事领导人、国家安全专家以及无人机职业遍及将大疆视为一项严重威胁，乃至有人提出：若要打造一个不依靠我国的无人机工业，就必须将大疆（DJI）完全扫除出美国商场。

依照美国无人机协会主席内森·埃克尔巴格（Nathan Ecelbarger）的说法：“只需大疆还在，就没有满足的商场来支撑美国本乡工业链的开展。”

Military leaders, national security experts and the drone industry all seem to agree on one thing: building a China-free supply of drones relies on expelling DJI from the US.

"Until DJI is entirely banned, there's not enough market to stand up a US industrial base," said Nathan Ecelbarger, chairman of the US National Drone Association, which aims to speed up military adoption of drones.

但美国好像难以在短时间内中止对大疆的依靠。上一年12月，国会不得不在相关法案中删除了对大疆产品的禁令。

大疆总部坐落深圳，是全球最大的无人机制作商之一，也是美国警方和农场最主要的无人机供货商。

修改：左卓

见习修改：裴禧盈

来历：福布斯

告发/反应